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Wednesday, June 20, 2012
Thomas Putnam, Salem Witch Trials
Interesting development. In my last post I shared a story regarding Ann Alcock Foster, my 9th great-grandmother, an accused witch of the Salem Witch Trials. Well, today I found the story of Thomas Putnam, my 8th great-grandfather. He apparently was one of the top two persecutors of the witches, second only to the Reverend Parris.
My Father's dad, Leon Kemp was descended from Ann Alcock Foster, while my Father's mom, Ruth Gladys Russell was descended from Thomas Putnam. I wonder how Grandpa and Grandma really got along. :-)
I found the following accounts on Ancestry.com.
Sergeant Thomas Putnam, son of Lieutenant Thomas Putnam and his first wife Ann (Holyoke) Putnam; was born March 12, 1652 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts. He died in Salem May 24th, 1699. He was well educated, yet took a prominent part in the witchcraft delusion, and was second to none but Reverend Parris in the fury with which he persecuted the victims of that strange delusion. He had great influence in the village and did not hesitate to use it. He had been in the Narragansett fight, belonging to a company of troopers, and was parish clerk. Many of the records of the witchcraft proceedings are in his fine, clear handwriting. His wife was also active in the persecutions. The strain was too great for him to bear up under, and he died shortly after the trials, his wife following him to the grave a few weeks later.
He married, September 25th, 1678, Ann, youngest daughter of George and Elizabeth Carr, of Salisbury. She was born June 15th, 1661, in Salisbury, Essex, Massachusetts. She died June 8th 1699 is Salem. They were the parents of twelve children: Ann, Thomas, Elizabeth, Ebenezer, Deliverance, Thomas, Timothy, Experience, Abigail, Susanna, Sarah and Seth.
Hudson-Mohawk Genealogical and Family Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 345-348, edited by Cuyler Reynolds (New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1911)Reference collection of the Schenectady County Public Library at R 929.1 R45
Also found on Ancestry.com this account was written by Joseph Fore for his religion class.
Thomas Putnam
Written by Joseph Fore
RELG 415: Salem Witch Trials in History and Literature
An Undergraduate Course, Univeristy of Virginia
Fall Semester, 2006
"Thomas Putnam was a third generation member of Salem Village. He had many relatives in the area and they collectively owned a substantial amount of land in Salem Village and Essex County. Putnam was a Sergeant in the local militia and had fought in King Phillip's War (1675-1678) against native Indians and their French allies on the northeastern frontier. He was married to Ann Putnam Sr. (maiden name Carr), who came from a wealthy Essex County family.1
Sometime in January of 1691/1692 Ann Jr. began having fits along with other girls in Salem Village. By the end of February of that year, the girls claimed that the source of their affliction was witchcraft and made specific accusations against Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne and Tituba, an Indian slave of the Reverend Samuel Parris. Because the girls were not of legal age to make accusations, Putnam along with three other prominent men in Salem village filed official complaints on their behalf and sought warrants against the suspected witches on February 29, 1692. Immediately, the three women were arrested on suspicion of witchcraft, which was a capital offense, and were taken into custody.2
On April 21, 1692, with dozens of accused already in jail, Putnam wrote a letter to John Hawthorne and Jonathan Corwin, two of the judges of the examining magistrates in Salem who would later be appointed to the special court of Oyer and Terminer to try the accused witches. In that letter Putnam gave the honored judges a "most humble and hearty thanks" for the work they had done to root out evil in Salem. Putnam remarked that the judges had taken "great care and pains" to assist the people of Salem during this time of crisis. Putnam claimed that the people of Salem could never repay the judges for their remarkable actions. He assured the judges that "therefore a full reward will be given you of the Lord God of Israel, whose cause and interest you have espoused." Here Putnam was giving the legal proceedings against the witches a decidedly theological grounding. He was emphasizing the apocalyptic nature of the struggle in Salem. The Devil was attempting to spread evil in Salem, through his pact with the witches. In order to defeat Satan, good men like the judges were required to do God's work by seeking out those who had made a pact with the Devil. Putnam reminded the judges that their work for God's cause against Satan would only "add to [their] crown of glory in the day of the Lord Jesus." Here Putnam was making the argument that the judges would receive praise and reward when Jesus came for a second time and resurrected the souls of the faithful.
Yet despite the hard work of the judges, there remained work to be done. In his letter, Putnam wrote that he believed it his duty to inform them of a "high and dreadful" truth, "of a wheel within a wheel, at which [their] ears do tingle." The day before, on April 20th, his daughter had accused the Reverend George Burroughs of tormenting her. Burroughs was to be accused of being the ringleader of the witches in Salem. Putnam was referring to this greater conspiracy in this part of the letter. Putnam asked the judges to continue to pray for the community and offer their help and prayed to "almighty God continually to prepare [them]" for the work ahead. He hoped the judges would be a "a terror to evil-doers and a praise to them that do well" and offered his assistance to them in any way he might be able.3
In April, Putnam sent a second letter to Judge Samuel Sewall. In that letter he wrote that his daughter "was grievously tormented by witches, threatening that she should be pressed to death, before Giles Cory." Here Putnam was simultaneously arguing that witches were still at large in the community and that they were greatly angered by the trial of their fellow witches, like Giles Cory. Putnam claimed that his daughter had been visited by the specter of a person who had been pressed to death by Giles Cory and that that person had claimed that God desired Giles Cory to die in the same way that he had died. Here Putnam was arguing that God supported Cory's immediate death by pressing. Putnam then reminded Judge Sewall that some seventeen years past a man who lived with Giles Cory had "bruised to death." Putnam implies that Cory had to pay a large bribe to avoid prosecution in this case. Once again, in this letter, we see Putnam supporting the judges' actions and giving their work a theological basis, arguing that God supported their work.4
The question of Putnam's motives in furthering the trials has been taken up by many. In Miller's The Crucible, the Putnam's worried that several of their children might have been killed by witchcraft. In reality, the Putnam's had only lost one child, a girl named Sarah who died six weeks after birth in 1689.5 Ann Jr. accused John Willard of killing baby Sarah through witchcraft. Worry over the death of their baby daughter two years prior and the possibility that it may have been the result of witchcraft provides one explanation for the zeal that Putnam showed in attempting to providence against so many for the crime of witchcraft.
A recent handwriting analysis of the depositions of the afflicted girls has shown that some 122 of them were written by Thomas Putnam. While it cannot be known to what degree the accusations made in those depositions were influenced by Putnam it is clear that Putnam had the opportunity to shape the words of the young accusers as he saw fit. Further, the similarity in language across these depositions suggests that some of the language might be that of Thomas Putnam rather than that of the afflicted girls themselves.6 In the depositions taken by Putnam, the afflicted often claim to be "grievously afflicted" or "grievously tormented" and "believe in my heart" that so-and-so is a witch.
The accused are often referred to as "dreadful witches or wizards" in the depositions taken by Putnam. The frequency with which these phrases can be found in the depositions written by Putnam furthers the theory that they might have been more strongly influenced by Putnam that was previously recognized. Taken in conjunction with Putnam's letters to the judges and his efforts to secure warrants against many of the suspects, this new evidence further demonstrates the remarkable influence Putnam had on the shape and progression of the trials."
Endnotes
1. Mary Beth Norton In the Devil's Snare (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002) 22.
2. Rosenthal Salem Story (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993) 14-15.
3. "Letter of Thomas Putnam to John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin" in Salem Witchcraft Papers Vol. I Paul Boyer and Steven Nissenbaum ed. 165-166.
4. "Letter from Thomas Putnam to Judge Samuel Sewall" in Salem Witchcraft Papers Vol. I, 246.
5. Norton, Devil's Snare 157.
6. Peter Grund, Merja Kyto, and Matti Rissanen "Editing the Salem Witchcraft Records: An Exploration of a Linguistic Treasure" American Speech, Vol. 79 No. 2, Summer 2004, 158-159
My Father's dad, Leon Kemp was descended from Ann Alcock Foster, while my Father's mom, Ruth Gladys Russell was descended from Thomas Putnam. I wonder how Grandpa and Grandma really got along. :-)
I found the following accounts on Ancestry.com.
Sergeant Thomas Putnam, son of Lieutenant Thomas Putnam and his first wife Ann (Holyoke) Putnam; was born March 12, 1652 in Salem, Essex, Massachusetts. He died in Salem May 24th, 1699. He was well educated, yet took a prominent part in the witchcraft delusion, and was second to none but Reverend Parris in the fury with which he persecuted the victims of that strange delusion. He had great influence in the village and did not hesitate to use it. He had been in the Narragansett fight, belonging to a company of troopers, and was parish clerk. Many of the records of the witchcraft proceedings are in his fine, clear handwriting. His wife was also active in the persecutions. The strain was too great for him to bear up under, and he died shortly after the trials, his wife following him to the grave a few weeks later.
He married, September 25th, 1678, Ann, youngest daughter of George and Elizabeth Carr, of Salisbury. She was born June 15th, 1661, in Salisbury, Essex, Massachusetts. She died June 8th 1699 is Salem. They were the parents of twelve children: Ann, Thomas, Elizabeth, Ebenezer, Deliverance, Thomas, Timothy, Experience, Abigail, Susanna, Sarah and Seth.
Hudson-Mohawk Genealogical and Family Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 345-348, edited by Cuyler Reynolds (New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1911)Reference collection of the Schenectady County Public Library at R 929.1 R45
Also found on Ancestry.com this account was written by Joseph Fore for his religion class.
Thomas Putnam
Written by Joseph Fore
RELG 415: Salem Witch Trials in History and Literature
An Undergraduate Course, Univeristy of Virginia
Fall Semester, 2006
"Thomas Putnam was a third generation member of Salem Village. He had many relatives in the area and they collectively owned a substantial amount of land in Salem Village and Essex County. Putnam was a Sergeant in the local militia and had fought in King Phillip's War (1675-1678) against native Indians and their French allies on the northeastern frontier. He was married to Ann Putnam Sr. (maiden name Carr), who came from a wealthy Essex County family.1
Sometime in January of 1691/1692 Ann Jr. began having fits along with other girls in Salem Village. By the end of February of that year, the girls claimed that the source of their affliction was witchcraft and made specific accusations against Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne and Tituba, an Indian slave of the Reverend Samuel Parris. Because the girls were not of legal age to make accusations, Putnam along with three other prominent men in Salem village filed official complaints on their behalf and sought warrants against the suspected witches on February 29, 1692. Immediately, the three women were arrested on suspicion of witchcraft, which was a capital offense, and were taken into custody.2
On April 21, 1692, with dozens of accused already in jail, Putnam wrote a letter to John Hawthorne and Jonathan Corwin, two of the judges of the examining magistrates in Salem who would later be appointed to the special court of Oyer and Terminer to try the accused witches. In that letter Putnam gave the honored judges a "most humble and hearty thanks" for the work they had done to root out evil in Salem. Putnam remarked that the judges had taken "great care and pains" to assist the people of Salem during this time of crisis. Putnam claimed that the people of Salem could never repay the judges for their remarkable actions. He assured the judges that "therefore a full reward will be given you of the Lord God of Israel, whose cause and interest you have espoused." Here Putnam was giving the legal proceedings against the witches a decidedly theological grounding. He was emphasizing the apocalyptic nature of the struggle in Salem. The Devil was attempting to spread evil in Salem, through his pact with the witches. In order to defeat Satan, good men like the judges were required to do God's work by seeking out those who had made a pact with the Devil. Putnam reminded the judges that their work for God's cause against Satan would only "add to [their] crown of glory in the day of the Lord Jesus." Here Putnam was making the argument that the judges would receive praise and reward when Jesus came for a second time and resurrected the souls of the faithful.
Yet despite the hard work of the judges, there remained work to be done. In his letter, Putnam wrote that he believed it his duty to inform them of a "high and dreadful" truth, "of a wheel within a wheel, at which [their] ears do tingle." The day before, on April 20th, his daughter had accused the Reverend George Burroughs of tormenting her. Burroughs was to be accused of being the ringleader of the witches in Salem. Putnam was referring to this greater conspiracy in this part of the letter. Putnam asked the judges to continue to pray for the community and offer their help and prayed to "almighty God continually to prepare [them]" for the work ahead. He hoped the judges would be a "a terror to evil-doers and a praise to them that do well" and offered his assistance to them in any way he might be able.3
In April, Putnam sent a second letter to Judge Samuel Sewall. In that letter he wrote that his daughter "was grievously tormented by witches, threatening that she should be pressed to death, before Giles Cory." Here Putnam was simultaneously arguing that witches were still at large in the community and that they were greatly angered by the trial of their fellow witches, like Giles Cory. Putnam claimed that his daughter had been visited by the specter of a person who had been pressed to death by Giles Cory and that that person had claimed that God desired Giles Cory to die in the same way that he had died. Here Putnam was arguing that God supported Cory's immediate death by pressing. Putnam then reminded Judge Sewall that some seventeen years past a man who lived with Giles Cory had "bruised to death." Putnam implies that Cory had to pay a large bribe to avoid prosecution in this case. Once again, in this letter, we see Putnam supporting the judges' actions and giving their work a theological basis, arguing that God supported their work.4
The question of Putnam's motives in furthering the trials has been taken up by many. In Miller's The Crucible, the Putnam's worried that several of their children might have been killed by witchcraft. In reality, the Putnam's had only lost one child, a girl named Sarah who died six weeks after birth in 1689.5 Ann Jr. accused John Willard of killing baby Sarah through witchcraft. Worry over the death of their baby daughter two years prior and the possibility that it may have been the result of witchcraft provides one explanation for the zeal that Putnam showed in attempting to providence against so many for the crime of witchcraft.
A recent handwriting analysis of the depositions of the afflicted girls has shown that some 122 of them were written by Thomas Putnam. While it cannot be known to what degree the accusations made in those depositions were influenced by Putnam it is clear that Putnam had the opportunity to shape the words of the young accusers as he saw fit. Further, the similarity in language across these depositions suggests that some of the language might be that of Thomas Putnam rather than that of the afflicted girls themselves.6 In the depositions taken by Putnam, the afflicted often claim to be "grievously afflicted" or "grievously tormented" and "believe in my heart" that so-and-so is a witch.
The accused are often referred to as "dreadful witches or wizards" in the depositions taken by Putnam. The frequency with which these phrases can be found in the depositions written by Putnam furthers the theory that they might have been more strongly influenced by Putnam that was previously recognized. Taken in conjunction with Putnam's letters to the judges and his efforts to secure warrants against many of the suspects, this new evidence further demonstrates the remarkable influence Putnam had on the shape and progression of the trials."
Endnotes
1. Mary Beth Norton In the Devil's Snare (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002) 22.
2. Rosenthal Salem Story (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993) 14-15.
3. "Letter of Thomas Putnam to John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin" in Salem Witchcraft Papers Vol. I Paul Boyer and Steven Nissenbaum ed. 165-166.
4. "Letter from Thomas Putnam to Judge Samuel Sewall" in Salem Witchcraft Papers Vol. I, 246.
5. Norton, Devil's Snare 157.
6. Peter Grund, Merja Kyto, and Matti Rissanen "Editing the Salem Witchcraft Records: An Exploration of a Linguistic Treasure" American Speech, Vol. 79 No. 2, Summer 2004, 158-159
Monday, May 28, 2012
Ann Alcock Foster - Accused Salem Witch
I ran across some interesting family history on my Dad's side of the family. My 9th Great Grandmother, Ann Alcock Foster was convicted of being a witch in Salem and died in prison while awaiting her sentence of death by hanging in 1692.
Ann's story is a tragic one. She was arrested and imprisoned for witchcraft. She was tortured and deprived of food, water, warmth and her dignity. She was tried on four different occasions. She finally confessed to being a witch after being tortured, and after her daughter and granddaughter testified against her to save themselves. Following is an account of part of her hearing.The language and spelling are hard to read in parts.
" In the trials eight citizens of Andover were condemned. Three of these were hanged: Martha Carrier, Samuel Wardwell, Mary Parker; one died in prison, Ann Foster; Abigail Faulkner was reprieved, and by the delay ultimately saved; Sarah Wardwell and Elizabeth Johnson and Mary Lacey were condemned at the very latest trial, January 1692, and set free on the general jail delivery when the frenzy was checked. The following is a list of those names of the accused which have been found and the various identifying notes in regard to them.
...Foster, Ann, mother of Abraham Foster, condemed (died in prison)
...Lacey, Mary [Foster], wife of Lawrence Lacey, condemed.
...Lacey, Mary Jr., daughter of Lawrence Lacey
...Lacey, Mary, Jr., daughter of Lawrence Lacey
...Wardwell, Samuel, hanged.
...Wardwell, Sarah, wife of Samuel Wardwell, condemed.
...Wardwell, Mercy, daughter of Samuel Wardwell, not guilty....
The above marked 'not guilty' were those on whom verdict was pronounced at the court which sat January, 1692/3. The others were perhaps not all formally tried 'Examinations,' so called, in which many confessed, preceded the trials and the evidence of the witnesses....In the examinations of the accused which preceded the regular trial, most made confession and thus averted the extreme penalty....
Several women of Andover who confessed, accused Martha Carrier as the cause of their being led into witchcraft. Three of these were Ann Foster, her daughter, Mary Lacey, and her granddaughter, Mary Lacey, Jr. Ann Foster said she rode on a stick with Martha Carrier to Salem village, that the stick broke and she saved herself by clinging around Martha Carrier's neck. She said they met three hundred witches at Salem village, among them the Rev. Mr. Burroughs and another minister with gray hair (Mr. Dane of Andover was supposed to be hinted at). This story was confirmed by the daughter and the granddaughter....
Mary Lacey, daughter of Ann Foster, was condemed. She said the devil had carried her in his arms to Newbury falls, and there he had baptized some of the 'higher powers.' She alos said (to use the words of the deposition) 'if she doe but take a ragg, clout or any such thing and roll it up together and imagine it to represent such and such a person, then whatsoever she doth to that Rag or clout so rouled up the person represented thereby will be in lyke manner afflicted.'..."
Bailey, S.L. (1880). Historical Sketches of Andover (comprising the Present Towns of North Andover and Andover), Massachusetts. Houghton, Mifflin, Retrieved 3 Jan 2009 from http://books.google.com/books? id=xf7UNTRnW4gC
Saturday, July 24, 2010
Elvis Presley was my 8th Cousin!
I subscribe to Ancestry.com and I love finding ancestors from recent and past history. They have a feature where you can search for any famous relatives. I have found many in my ancestry, but one of the most fun discoveries was finding out that Elvis Presley was my 8th Cousin, and nothing like being twice removed, etc.
We share a distant grandparent, well 8 generations back. I think that is so cool since I had loved Elvis and his music since I was three years old. I used to call him my Bellsin, because I couldn't pronounce boyfriend my mom told me.
I remember as a young child my mother playing the radio and her stereos loud when an Elvis record came on. She told me I used to dance like crazy. I think this discovery of our being related is an awesome find!
Tuesday, September 16, 2008
Alfred The Great
On my Mom's side we are descended from Alfred the Great. He was my 28th Great Grandfather. Alfred the Great (also Ælfred from the Old English Ælfrēd, pronounced [ˈælfreːd]) (c. 849 – 26 October 899) was king of the southern Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred is noted for his defense of the kingdom against the Danish Vikings, becoming the only English King to be awarded the epithet "the Great". Alfred was the first King of the West Saxons to style himself "King of the Anglo-Saxons". Details of his life are discussed in a work by the Welsh scholar Asser. Alfred was a learned man, and encouraged education and improved his kingdom's law system as well as its military structure.
Alfred was born sometime between 847 and 849 at Wantage in the present-day ceremonial county of Oxfordshire (in the historic county of Berkshire). He was the fifth and youngest son of King Æthelwulf of Wessex, by his first wife, Osburga. In 868 Alfred married Ealhswith, daughter of Ethelred Mucill.
At five years old, Alfred is said to have been sent to Rome where, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV who "anointed him as king." Victorian writers interpreted this as an anticipatory coronation in preparation for his ultimate succession to the throne of Wessex. However, this coronation could not have been foreseen at the time, since Alfred had three living older brothers. A letter of Leo IV shows that Alfred was made a "consul" and a misinterpretation of this investiture, deliberate or accidental, could explain later confusion. It may also be based on Alfred later having accompanied his father on a pilgrimage to Rome and spending some time at the court of Charles the Bald, King of the Franks, around 854–855. On their return from Rome in 856, Æthelwulf was deposed by his son Æthelbald. Æthelwulf died in 858, and Wessex was ruled by three of Alfred's brothers in succession.
Asser tells the story about how as a child Alfred won a prize of a volume of poetry in English, offered by his mother to the first of her children able to memorise it. This story may be true, or it may be a legend designed to illustrate the young Alfred's love of learning.
Wikipedia.com
More later.....
Alfred was born sometime between 847 and 849 at Wantage in the present-day ceremonial county of Oxfordshire (in the historic county of Berkshire). He was the fifth and youngest son of King Æthelwulf of Wessex, by his first wife, Osburga. In 868 Alfred married Ealhswith, daughter of Ethelred Mucill.
At five years old, Alfred is said to have been sent to Rome where, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV who "anointed him as king." Victorian writers interpreted this as an anticipatory coronation in preparation for his ultimate succession to the throne of Wessex. However, this coronation could not have been foreseen at the time, since Alfred had three living older brothers. A letter of Leo IV shows that Alfred was made a "consul" and a misinterpretation of this investiture, deliberate or accidental, could explain later confusion. It may also be based on Alfred later having accompanied his father on a pilgrimage to Rome and spending some time at the court of Charles the Bald, King of the Franks, around 854–855. On their return from Rome in 856, Æthelwulf was deposed by his son Æthelbald. Æthelwulf died in 858, and Wessex was ruled by three of Alfred's brothers in succession.
Asser tells the story about how as a child Alfred won a prize of a volume of poetry in English, offered by his mother to the first of her children able to memorise it. This story may be true, or it may be a legend designed to illustrate the young Alfred's love of learning.
Wikipedia.com
More later.....
Friday, September 12, 2008
The Mayflower Anyone?
I was so excited last week to discover that we're related to William Brewster a passenger on the Mayflower in 1620. William, his wife Mary, and their two children, Love and Wrestling (awesome names) were some of the first people to settle Plymouth, Massachusetts. William & Mary Brewster were my 10th great-grandparents. See where this fits in our genealogy at bottom of this post.
An imaginary likeness of William Brewster. There is no known portrait of him from life.
Biographical Summary
William Brewster was born about 1566, the son of William Brewster. He was educated in both Greek and Latin and spent some time at Cambridge University, although he never completed a full degree. He went into the service of William Davison, then Secretary of State, while his father back home maintained a position as the postmaster of Scrooby, Nottinghamshire. Under Davison, Brewster first traveled to the Netherlands. After Davison's departure as Secretary of State, Brewster worked himself into his father's postmaster duties and maintained Scrooby Manor. Brewster was instrumental in establishing the small Separatist church with Richard Clyfton, and they often held their meetings in the Manor house. Brewster and the others were eventually found and forced out, and fleeing prosecution and persecution they headed to Amsterdam in 1608, and moving to Leiden, Holland in 1609. Brewster became the church's Elder, responsible for seeing that the congregation's members carried themselves properly, both helping and admonishing them when necessary.
Chest thought to have been brought to America
by William Brewster on the Mayflower.
Photo courtesy of the Pilgrim Hall Museum.
In Leiden, Brewster working with Thomas Brewer became working a printing press and publishing religious books and pamphlets which were then illegally conveyed into England. Brewster also employed himself teaching University of Leiden students English. By 1618, the English authorities were onto him and his printing press, and had the Dutch authorities in pursuit of him. Thomas Brewer was arrested and held in the University of Leiden's prison, but Brewster managed to evade the authorities and went into hiding for a couple years.
When the Leiden church congregation decided to send the first wave to set up and establish a colony that everyone could eventually move to, their pastor John Robinson decided to remain behind in Leiden with the majority of the congregation, intending to come later. The smaller group that went on the Mayflower desired the next highest ranking church official, Elder Brewster, go with them; so he agreed. He brought his wife Mary and two youngest children, Love and Wrestling, on the Mayflower with him.
Brewster continued his work as Church Elder throughout his life at Plymouth Colony. His wife Mary died in 1627, and he never remarried. He lived to be nearly 80 years old, dying in 1644. Shortly after he died, William Bradford wrote a short but concise biography of Brewster, just a couple pages, in his history Of Plymouth Plantation. From MayflowerHistory.com
More from Wikipedia.com
Elder William Brewster (c. 1566 - April 10, 1644), was a Pilgrim colonist leader and preacher who came from Scrooby, in north Nottinghamshire and reached what became the Plymouth Colony in the Mayflower in 1620. He was accompanied by his wife, Mary Brewster, and his sons, Love Brewster and Wrestling Brewster. Son Jonathan joined the family in November 1621, arriving at Plymouth on the ship Fortune, and daughters Patience and Fear arrived in July 1623 aboard the Anne. (We're descended from Jonathan Brewster).
Origins
He was the son of William Brewster and Mary Smyth and he had a number of half-siblings. His paternal grandparents were William Brewster and Maud Mann. His maternal grandfather was Thomas Smyth. Brewster may have been born in Doncaster.
Scrooby Manor was in the possession of the Archbishops of York. Brewster's father, William senior, had been the estate bailiff for the archbishop for thirty-one years from around 1580. With this post went that of postmaster, which was a more important one than it might have been in a village not situated on the Great North Road, as Scrooby was then.
William Junior studied briefly at Peterhouse, Cambridge before entering the service of William Davidson in 1584. In 1585, Davidson went to the Netherlands to negotiate an alliance with the States-General. In 1586, Davidson was appointed assistant to Queen Elizabeth's Secretary of State Francis Walsingham, but in 1587 Davidson lost the favour of Elizabeth, after the beheading of her cousin (once removed) Mary, Queen of Scots.
Dissent
Cambridge was a centre of thought concerning religious reformism, but Brewster's time in the Netherlands, in connection with Davidson's work, gave him opportunity to hear and see more of reformed religion. While, earlier in the sixteenth century, reformers had hoped to amend the Anglican church, by the end of it, many were looking toward splitting from it.
On Davidson's disgrace, Brewster returned to Scrooby. There, from 1590 to 1607, he held the position of postmaster. As such he was responsible for the provision of stage horses for the mails, having previously, for a short time, assisted his father in that office. By the 1590s, Brewster's brother, James, was a rather rebellious Anglican priest, vicar of the parish of Sutton cum Lound, in Nottinghamshire. From 1594, it fell to James to appoint curates to Scrooby church so that Brewster, James and leading members of the Scrooby congregation were brought before the ecclesiastical court for their dissent. They were set on a path of separation from the Anglican Church. From about 1602, Scrooby Manor, Brewster's home, became a meeting place for the dissenting Puritans. In 1606, they formed the Separatist Church of Scrooby.
Emigration
Restrictions and pressures applied by the authorities convinced the congregation of a need to emigrate to the more sympathetic atmosphere of Holland, but leaving England without permission was illegal at the time, so that departure was a complex matter. On its first attempt, in 1607, the group was arrested at Scotia Creek, but in 1608 Brewster and others were successful in leaving from The Humber. In 1609, he was selected as ruling elder of the congregation.
Initially, the Pilgrams settled in Amsterdam, and worshipped with the Ancient Church of Francis Johsonson and Henry Ainsworth. Offput by the bickering between the two, though (which ultimately resulted in a division of the Church), the Pilgrams left Amsterdam and moved to Leiden, after only a year.
In Leiden, the group managed to make a living. Brewster taught English and later, in 1616-1619, printed and published religious books for sale in England though they were proscribed there, as the partner of one Thomas Brewer. In 1619, the printing type was seized by the authorities under pressure from the English ambassador Sir Dudley Carleton and Brewster's partner was arrested. Brewster escaped and, with the help of Robert Cushman, obtained a land patent from the London Virginia Company on behalf of himself and his colleagues.
In 1620 he joined the first group of Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower on the voyage to North America. When the colonists landed at Plymouth, Brewster became the senior elder of the colony, serving as its religious leader and as an adviser to Governor William Bradford.
As the only university educated member of the colony, Brewster took the part of the colony's religious leader until a pastor, Ralph Smith, arrived in 1629. Thereafter, he continued to preach irregularly until his death in April 1644.
Brewster was granted land amongst the islands of Boston Harbor, and four of the outer islands (Great Brewster, Little Brewster, Middle Brewster and Outer Brewster) now bear his name.
Found on Wikipedia
Descendants
William Brewster married Mary, whose maiden name is unknown. (I know from doing genealogy on ancestry.com that Mary's maiden name was Wentworth. How cool it that? We know something Mayflower.com and Wikipedia doesn't know!) During much of the 20th century she was thought to be the daughter of Thomas Wentworth, however there is no compelling evidence to support this. More recent speculation suggests her maiden name was Wyrall, but again the evidence is weak at best.
The children of William and Mary were:
Elder Jonathan Brewster (August 12, 1593 - August 7, 1659) married Lucretia Oldham of Derby on 10 April 1624,[4] eight children:[5]
William, born 9 March 1625
Mary Brewster, born 16 April 1627
Jonathan, born 17 July 1629
Ruth Brewster, born 3 October 1631
Benjamin Brewster (17 November 1633 - 14 September 1710)
Elizabeth Brewster, born 1 May 1637
Grace Brewster (1 November 1639 - 22 April 1684)
Hannah Brewster, born 3 November 1641
Patience Brewster (c. 1600 - December 12, 1634) married Thomas Prence of Lechlade, Gloucestershire, 4 children
Fear Brewster (c. 1606 - before 1634) so called because she was born at the height of the puritans' persecution. Married Isaac Allerton of London, 2 children.
Unnamed son (born and died 1609)
Love Brewster (c. 1611 - c. 1650) came over on the Mayflower married Sarah Collier of London, 4 children
Wrestling Brewster (c. 1614 - between 1627 and 1644)
(possibly) Captain Edward Brewster - traveled to Virginia with Thomas West, Lord Delaware.
Seth MacFarlane, creator of Family Guy is one of his descendants through Jonathan Brewster.
Ancestry.com
Where we fit in!
Reginald Kemp – 1923 – my father
Leon Kemp – 1891- Father to Reginald Kemp – my grandfather
Lillian Comstock – 1859 – Mother to Leon Kemp – my great-grandmother
Harry A. Comstock – 1832 – Father to Lillian Comstock – my great-great-grandfather
W.A. Comstock – 1799 – Father to Harry A. Comstock – my great-great-great-grandfather
Amanda Comstock (her maiden name as well as her married name) – 1811 – Mother to W.A. Comstock –4th great-grandmother
Samuel Comstock – 1756 – Father to Amanda Comstock – my 5th great-grandfather
Samuel Comstock – 1712 – Father to Samuel Comstock – my 6th great-grandfather
Naomi Noyes – 1676 – Mother to Samuel Comstock & Wife to William Comstock, Samuel’s Father – my 6th great-grandmother
Ruth Pickett – 1654 – Mother of Naomi Noyes – my 7th great-grandmother
Ruth Brewster – 1631 – Mother of Ruth Pickett – my 8th great-grandmother
Jonathan Brewster – 1593 – Father of Ruth Brewster – my 9th great-grandfather
William and Mary Wentworth Brewster – 1566 (William) Father & Mother of Jonathan Brewster and passengers on the Mayflower – my 10th great-grandfather & great-grandmother.
An imaginary likeness of William Brewster. There is no known portrait of him from life.
Biographical Summary
William Brewster was born about 1566, the son of William Brewster. He was educated in both Greek and Latin and spent some time at Cambridge University, although he never completed a full degree. He went into the service of William Davison, then Secretary of State, while his father back home maintained a position as the postmaster of Scrooby, Nottinghamshire. Under Davison, Brewster first traveled to the Netherlands. After Davison's departure as Secretary of State, Brewster worked himself into his father's postmaster duties and maintained Scrooby Manor. Brewster was instrumental in establishing the small Separatist church with Richard Clyfton, and they often held their meetings in the Manor house. Brewster and the others were eventually found and forced out, and fleeing prosecution and persecution they headed to Amsterdam in 1608, and moving to Leiden, Holland in 1609. Brewster became the church's Elder, responsible for seeing that the congregation's members carried themselves properly, both helping and admonishing them when necessary.
Chest thought to have been brought to America
by William Brewster on the Mayflower.
Photo courtesy of the Pilgrim Hall Museum.
In Leiden, Brewster working with Thomas Brewer became working a printing press and publishing religious books and pamphlets which were then illegally conveyed into England. Brewster also employed himself teaching University of Leiden students English. By 1618, the English authorities were onto him and his printing press, and had the Dutch authorities in pursuit of him. Thomas Brewer was arrested and held in the University of Leiden's prison, but Brewster managed to evade the authorities and went into hiding for a couple years.
When the Leiden church congregation decided to send the first wave to set up and establish a colony that everyone could eventually move to, their pastor John Robinson decided to remain behind in Leiden with the majority of the congregation, intending to come later. The smaller group that went on the Mayflower desired the next highest ranking church official, Elder Brewster, go with them; so he agreed. He brought his wife Mary and two youngest children, Love and Wrestling, on the Mayflower with him.
Brewster continued his work as Church Elder throughout his life at Plymouth Colony. His wife Mary died in 1627, and he never remarried. He lived to be nearly 80 years old, dying in 1644. Shortly after he died, William Bradford wrote a short but concise biography of Brewster, just a couple pages, in his history Of Plymouth Plantation. From MayflowerHistory.com
More from Wikipedia.com
Elder William Brewster (c. 1566 - April 10, 1644), was a Pilgrim colonist leader and preacher who came from Scrooby, in north Nottinghamshire and reached what became the Plymouth Colony in the Mayflower in 1620. He was accompanied by his wife, Mary Brewster, and his sons, Love Brewster and Wrestling Brewster. Son Jonathan joined the family in November 1621, arriving at Plymouth on the ship Fortune, and daughters Patience and Fear arrived in July 1623 aboard the Anne. (We're descended from Jonathan Brewster).
Origins
He was the son of William Brewster and Mary Smyth and he had a number of half-siblings. His paternal grandparents were William Brewster and Maud Mann. His maternal grandfather was Thomas Smyth. Brewster may have been born in Doncaster.
Scrooby Manor was in the possession of the Archbishops of York. Brewster's father, William senior, had been the estate bailiff for the archbishop for thirty-one years from around 1580. With this post went that of postmaster, which was a more important one than it might have been in a village not situated on the Great North Road, as Scrooby was then.
William Junior studied briefly at Peterhouse, Cambridge before entering the service of William Davidson in 1584. In 1585, Davidson went to the Netherlands to negotiate an alliance with the States-General. In 1586, Davidson was appointed assistant to Queen Elizabeth's Secretary of State Francis Walsingham, but in 1587 Davidson lost the favour of Elizabeth, after the beheading of her cousin (once removed) Mary, Queen of Scots.
Dissent
Cambridge was a centre of thought concerning religious reformism, but Brewster's time in the Netherlands, in connection with Davidson's work, gave him opportunity to hear and see more of reformed religion. While, earlier in the sixteenth century, reformers had hoped to amend the Anglican church, by the end of it, many were looking toward splitting from it.
On Davidson's disgrace, Brewster returned to Scrooby. There, from 1590 to 1607, he held the position of postmaster. As such he was responsible for the provision of stage horses for the mails, having previously, for a short time, assisted his father in that office. By the 1590s, Brewster's brother, James, was a rather rebellious Anglican priest, vicar of the parish of Sutton cum Lound, in Nottinghamshire. From 1594, it fell to James to appoint curates to Scrooby church so that Brewster, James and leading members of the Scrooby congregation were brought before the ecclesiastical court for their dissent. They were set on a path of separation from the Anglican Church. From about 1602, Scrooby Manor, Brewster's home, became a meeting place for the dissenting Puritans. In 1606, they formed the Separatist Church of Scrooby.
Emigration
Restrictions and pressures applied by the authorities convinced the congregation of a need to emigrate to the more sympathetic atmosphere of Holland, but leaving England without permission was illegal at the time, so that departure was a complex matter. On its first attempt, in 1607, the group was arrested at Scotia Creek, but in 1608 Brewster and others were successful in leaving from The Humber. In 1609, he was selected as ruling elder of the congregation.
Initially, the Pilgrams settled in Amsterdam, and worshipped with the Ancient Church of Francis Johsonson and Henry Ainsworth. Offput by the bickering between the two, though (which ultimately resulted in a division of the Church), the Pilgrams left Amsterdam and moved to Leiden, after only a year.
In Leiden, the group managed to make a living. Brewster taught English and later, in 1616-1619, printed and published religious books for sale in England though they were proscribed there, as the partner of one Thomas Brewer. In 1619, the printing type was seized by the authorities under pressure from the English ambassador Sir Dudley Carleton and Brewster's partner was arrested. Brewster escaped and, with the help of Robert Cushman, obtained a land patent from the London Virginia Company on behalf of himself and his colleagues.
In 1620 he joined the first group of Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower on the voyage to North America. When the colonists landed at Plymouth, Brewster became the senior elder of the colony, serving as its religious leader and as an adviser to Governor William Bradford.
As the only university educated member of the colony, Brewster took the part of the colony's religious leader until a pastor, Ralph Smith, arrived in 1629. Thereafter, he continued to preach irregularly until his death in April 1644.
Brewster was granted land amongst the islands of Boston Harbor, and four of the outer islands (Great Brewster, Little Brewster, Middle Brewster and Outer Brewster) now bear his name.
Found on Wikipedia
Descendants
William Brewster married Mary, whose maiden name is unknown. (I know from doing genealogy on ancestry.com that Mary's maiden name was Wentworth. How cool it that? We know something Mayflower.com and Wikipedia doesn't know!) During much of the 20th century she was thought to be the daughter of Thomas Wentworth, however there is no compelling evidence to support this. More recent speculation suggests her maiden name was Wyrall, but again the evidence is weak at best.
The children of William and Mary were:
Elder Jonathan Brewster (August 12, 1593 - August 7, 1659) married Lucretia Oldham of Derby on 10 April 1624,[4] eight children:[5]
William, born 9 March 1625
Mary Brewster, born 16 April 1627
Jonathan, born 17 July 1629
Ruth Brewster, born 3 October 1631
Benjamin Brewster (17 November 1633 - 14 September 1710)
Elizabeth Brewster, born 1 May 1637
Grace Brewster (1 November 1639 - 22 April 1684)
Hannah Brewster, born 3 November 1641
Patience Brewster (c. 1600 - December 12, 1634) married Thomas Prence of Lechlade, Gloucestershire, 4 children
Fear Brewster (c. 1606 - before 1634) so called because she was born at the height of the puritans' persecution. Married Isaac Allerton of London, 2 children.
Unnamed son (born and died 1609)
Love Brewster (c. 1611 - c. 1650) came over on the Mayflower married Sarah Collier of London, 4 children
Wrestling Brewster (c. 1614 - between 1627 and 1644)
(possibly) Captain Edward Brewster - traveled to Virginia with Thomas West, Lord Delaware.
Seth MacFarlane, creator of Family Guy is one of his descendants through Jonathan Brewster.
Ancestry.com
Where we fit in!
Reginald Kemp – 1923 – my father
Leon Kemp – 1891- Father to Reginald Kemp – my grandfather
Lillian Comstock – 1859 – Mother to Leon Kemp – my great-grandmother
Harry A. Comstock – 1832 – Father to Lillian Comstock – my great-great-grandfather
W.A. Comstock – 1799 – Father to Harry A. Comstock – my great-great-great-grandfather
Amanda Comstock (her maiden name as well as her married name) – 1811 – Mother to W.A. Comstock –4th great-grandmother
Samuel Comstock – 1756 – Father to Amanda Comstock – my 5th great-grandfather
Samuel Comstock – 1712 – Father to Samuel Comstock – my 6th great-grandfather
Naomi Noyes – 1676 – Mother to Samuel Comstock & Wife to William Comstock, Samuel’s Father – my 6th great-grandmother
Ruth Pickett – 1654 – Mother of Naomi Noyes – my 7th great-grandmother
Ruth Brewster – 1631 – Mother of Ruth Pickett – my 8th great-grandmother
Jonathan Brewster – 1593 – Father of Ruth Brewster – my 9th great-grandfather
William and Mary Wentworth Brewster – 1566 (William) Father & Mother of Jonathan Brewster and passengers on the Mayflower – my 10th great-grandfather & great-grandmother.
Wednesday, September 10, 2008
Grandpa William Riley and Mary Tolliver Smith
As I mentioned on my earlier post my cousin Ken Douglas was very helpful in sending me information about my great-grandfather William Riley Smith and my great-grandmother Mary Ann Tolliver. He sent me a picture of them with some other family members. It was the first picture I had ever seen of them. When Jerry and I went to Texas to bring our things to Utah I was able to show my mom a picture of her grandparents for the first time. Her grandfather William Riley died in 1921 and Mom was born in 1923. Mary Ann Tolliver passed away in 1945 but Mom doesn't remember ever meeting her. That is so sad to me. Mom was very excited about seeing a picture of her grandparents. She was thrilled is a more accurate description. Thanks Ken!
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